1

. Sylvia S. Mader, Biology, 3rd edition (Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown, Publishers, 1985), pp. 580–581.

2

. Suggestive of the time required for mixing a large body of water is the following:

If we think of the oceans as big interconnected basins, we can ask our question about circulation rates in terms of the average length of time that a water molecule spends in each basin. The results of such calculations indicate that water molecules spend from 200 to 500 years in the deep Atlantic before being transferred to another reservoir ...    Karl K. Turekian, Oceans, 2nd edition (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1976), p. 38.

3

. E. Norbert Smith and Stephen C. Hagberg, “Survival of Freshwater and Saltwater Organisms in a Heterogeneous Flood Model Experiment,” Creation Research Society Quarterly, Vol. 21, June 1984, pp. 33–37.

4

. Dilution rates depend on many things, including drainage rates into and out of a lake, evaporation, and rainfall.